Association between illness perception and social alienation among maintenance hemodialysis patients: The mediating role of fear of progression.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of fear of progression on illness perception and social alienation among maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. BACKGROUND: MHD is frequently accompanied by increased pain and complications such as itchy skin, chronic fatigue, and muscle spasms. Cardiovascular disease rates are also elevated among MHD patients, which can heighten their anxiety regarding prognosis and treatment discomfort. This chronic fear may severely impact social functioning, leading patients to withdraw from interpersonal interactions and experience heightened helplessness and loneliness. Further investigation is necessary to understand the factors behind the high level of social alienation in MHD patients and their underlying mechanisms. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study guided by the STROBE. METHODS: A convenience sample of 230 MHD patients were enrolled from January to May 2023. Data including demographic and clinical characteristics, illness perception, fear of progression, and social alienation were collected. Descriptive analysis and Pearson correlations were conducted using IBM SPSS version 25.0. The mediating effect was analyzed using Model 4 of the PROCESS macro for SPSS, with the Bootstrap method employed to assess its significance. RESULTS: The score of social alienation in MHD patients was high, with illness perception and fear of progression both significantly correlated with social alienation. In the mediating effects model, illness perception can predict social alienation in MHD patients, and fear of progression use plays a part in mediating the process by which illness perception affects social alienation. The Kappa Squared (κ2) value of 21.9%, suggests a medium effect size. CONCLUSIONS: Illness perception directly predicts social alienation in MHD patients and exerts an indirect effect through the mediating role of fear of progression. Suggests that healthcare professionals should concentrate on MHD patients with high negative illness perceptions to alleviate their fear of progression, thereby decreasing the level of social alienation and enhancing their integration into society.

Prenatal exposure to social adversity and infant cortisol in the first year of life.

Exposure to social adversity has been associated with cortisol dysregulation during pregnancy and in later childhood; less is known about how prenatal exposure to social stressors affects postnatal cortisol of infants. In a secondary analysis of data from a longitudinal study, we tested whether a pregnant woman's reports of social adversity during the third trimester were associated with their infant's resting cortisol at 1, 6, and 12 months postnatal. Our hypothesis was that prenatal exposure to social adversity would be associated with elevation of infants' cortisol. Measures included prenatal survey reports of social stressors and economic hardship, and resting cortisol levels determined from infant saliva samples acquired at each postnatal timepoint. Data were analyzed using linear mixed effects models. The final sample included 189 women and their infants (46.56% assigned female sex at birth). Prenatal economic hardship was significantly associated with infant cortisol at 6 months postnatal; reports of social stressors were not significantly associated with cortisol at any time point. Factors associated with hardship, such as psychological distress or nutritional deficiencies, may alter fetal HPA axis development, resulting in elevated infant cortisol levels. Developmental changes unique to 6 months of age may explain effects at this timepoint. More work is needed to better comprehend the complex pre- and post-natal physiologic and behavioral factors that affect infant HPA axis development and function, and the modifying role of environmental exposures.

Immune cell composition varies by age, sex and exposure to social adversity in free-ranging Rhesus Macaques.

Increasing age is associated with dysregulated immune function and increased inflammation-patterns that are also observed in individuals exposed to chronic social adversity. Yet we still know little about how social adversity impacts the immune system and how it might promote age-related diseases. Here, we investigated how immune cell diversity varied with age, sex and social adversity (operationalized as low social status) in free-ranging rhesus macaques. We found age-related signatures of immunosenescence, including lower proportions of CD20 + B cells, CD20 + /CD3 + ratio, and CD4 + /CD8 + T cell ratio - all signs of diminished antibody production. Age was associated with higher proportions of CD3 + /CD8 + Cytotoxic T cells, CD16 + /CD3- Natural Killer cells, CD3 + /CD4 + /CD25 + and CD3 + /CD8 + /CD25 + T cells, and CD14 + /CD16 + /HLA-DR + intermediate monocytes, and lower levels of CD14 + /CD16-/HLA-DR + classical monocytes, indicating greater amounts of inflammation and immune dysregulation. We also found a sex-dependent effect of exposure to social adversity (i.e., low social status). High-status males, relative to females, had higher CD20 + /CD3 + ratios and CD16 + /CD3 Natural Killer cell proportions, and lower proportions of CD8 + Cytotoxic T cells. Further, low-status females had higher proportions of cytotoxic T cells than high-status females, while the opposite was observed in males. High-status males had higher CD20 + /CD3 + ratios than low-status males. Together, our study identifies the strong age and sex-dependent effects of social adversity on immune cell proportions in a human-relevant primate model. Thus, these results provide novel insights into the combined effects of demography and social adversity on immunity and their potential contribution to age-related diseases in humans and other animals.

Associations between Social Adversities and Chronic Medical Conditions in a Statewide Sample of Individuals in Treatment for Mental Illnesses.

Individuals with mental illnesses experience disproportionately high rates of social adversities, chronic medical conditions, and early mortality. We analyzed a large, statewide dataset to explore associations between four social adversities and the presence of one or more, and then two or more, chronic medical conditions among individuals in treatment for mental illnesses in New York State. In Poisson regression models adjusting for multiple covariates (e.g., gender, age, smoking status, alcohol use), the presence of one or more adversities was associated with the presence of at least one medical condition (prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.21) or two or more medical conditions (PR = 1.46), and two or more adversities was associated with at least one medical condition (PR = 1.25) or two or more medical conditions (PR = 1.52) (all significant at p < .0001). Greater attention to primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of chronic medical conditions is needed in mental health treatment settings, especially among those experiencing social adversities.

The mediation effect of social support between stigma and social alienation in patients with stroke.

Background: Social alienation is prevalent and causes adverse outcomes in stroke. Previous studies have linked stigma with social alienation. However, little is known about the mechanisms behind this relationship. This study explored the mediation effects of social support between stigma and social alienation. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used to study 248 patients with stroke admitted to a tertiary rehabilitation hospital in Beijing, China, from December 2022 to July 2023. Patients were assessed using a general information questionnaire, the Stroke Stigma Scale, the Social Support Rating Scale, and the Generalized Social Alienation Scale. The PROCESS macro in SPSS was used to examine the mediation model. Results: The results showed that stigma has a negative effect on social support (ß = -0.503, p<0.001); stigma has a positive effect on social alienation (ß = 0.768, p<0.001). Social support mediated the relationship between stigma and social alienation, with a mediation effect of 0.131 (95%CI: 0.060, 0.214), and indirect effects accounted for 17.06% of the total effect. Conclusion: Social support mediated the relationship between stigma and social alienation. These findings suggest that intervention targeting the enhancement of social support may prevent or reduce social alienation among patients with stroke.

Discursos e imágenes sobre la desigualdad. Políticas públicas e institucionalización de la locura en el noroeste argentino (1935-1954) / Discourses and images on inequality. Public policy and institutionalization of madness in the argentinean northwest (1935-1954)

En la presente investigación analizaremos la primera institución psiquiátrica del noroeste argentino, específicamente en la provincia de Tucumán, el Hospital de Alienados (HA), desde el evento que impulsó su creación -la negativa de traslados interprovinciales de pacientes a colonias nacionales en 1935- hasta el retorno a dicha práctica por parte del Estado nacional -en 1954-. Hasta la creación del HA, las posibles respuestas para las personas con problemáticas psiquiátricas eran el traslado a instituciones en otras provincias o el encierro en un asilo de la ciudad y en establecimientos policiales. Ante las graves consecuencias de las últimas alternativas, y la cancelación de los traslados, tuvo que ser el propio Estado provincial el que hiciera frente a la problemática. El HA se constituyó como el primero en Argentina en pertenecer a un Estado provincial y no depender de las arcas nacionales. Este trabajo inaugural en los estudios historiográficos de la región nos permitirá analizar algunos procesos institucionales de las políticas en salud mental a nivel provincial y nacional, las concepciones sobre locura y encierro que se sostenían en aquella época, el flagelo de la pobreza como causa para enloquecer y el efecto de todo lo anterior en la opinión pública.(AU)

In the present investigation we will analyze the first psychiatric institution in northwestern Argentina, specifically in the province of Tucumán, the Hospital de Alienados (HA), from the event that prompted its creation -the refusal of interprovincial transfers of patients to national colonies in 1935- until the return to this practice by the national State -in 1954-Until the creation of the HA, the possible responses for people with psychiatric problems were transfer to institutions in other provinces or confinement in a city asylum and in police establishments. Given the serious consequences of the last alternatives, and the cancellation of the transfers, it had to be the provincial State itself that faced the problem. The HA was established as the first in Argentina to belong to a provincial State and not depend on the national coffers. This inaugural work in the historiographical studies of the region will allow us to analyze some institutional processes of mental health policies at the provincial and national level, the conceptions about madness and confinement that were held at that time, the scourge of poverty as a cause of craziness, and the effect of all of the above on public opinion.(AU)

How rumination influences meaning in life among Chinese high school students: the mediating effects of perceived chronic social adversity and coping style.

Meaning in life can be affected by many factors during adolescence. This study explored the relationship between rumination and meaning in life among high school students, as well as the mediating effect of perceived chronic social adversity and coping style. A sample of 1,275 Chinese high school students were surveyed using four questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted using Harman's single-factor test, Pearson's correlation coefficient with confidence intervals (CI), and a structural equation model. We found that rumination significantly negatively affected meaning in life among high school students (ß = -0.28, 95% CI = -0.33-0.23). Perceived chronic social adversity (ß = -0.14, 95% CI = -0.29-0.02) and negative coping style (ß = -0.09, 95% CI = -0.16-0.04) each had mediating effects between rumination and meaning in life. Further, perceived chronic social adversity and coping style had chain-mediating effects between rumination and meaning in life, with both positive (ß = -0.11, 95% CI = -0.17-0.07) and negative (ß = -0.08, 95% CI = -0.13-0.04) coping styles showing significant effects. To enhance the meaning in life among high school students, appropriate strategies to reduce the levels of rumination and perceived chronic social adversity are needed, while also fostering appropriate coping styles.

Psychological Alienation and Feeling of Self-Efficiency in Young Male and Female Adults.

In psychology, alienation is a condition of being separated or marginalized from other individuals or some larger segment of society. Self-efficacy is an individual's belief in their capacity to act in ways necessary to reach specific goals. This study was conducted to investigate the possible connectivity between psychological alienation and feelings of self-efficiency among young male and female adults. The study was conducted in April 2023, among 167 young people, aged 18-25 (M=22.28 ± 1.7SD). For this purpose, we used the Scale for psychological alienation and General self-efficacy. Results showed that there is a significant negative correlation between alienation and self-efficacy, meaning that the higher psychological alienation is, the lower self-efficacy is (t=-0.627; <0.001). There is a statistically significant difference between young male and female adults regarding alienation (t=-5.592; <0.001) e. g. males are reporting to be more alienated than females. Also, there is a statistically significant difference between young male and female adults regarding feeling of self-efficacy (t=4.692; <0.001) e.g. males feel less effective than females and in the scale for measuring meaninglessness (t=-2.966; 0.003) e. g. males feel more meaninglessness than females. In conclusion, psychological alienation and self-efficacy are correlated and there are gender differences regarding the two measured variables, in favor of the females.

Perceived Chronic Social Adversity and Suicidal Ideation Among Chinese College Students: The Moderating Role of Hope.

This study aimed to investigate the relations among perceived chronic social adversity, hope and suicidal ideation among Chinese college students. 535 college students completed the Perceived Chronic Social Adversity Questionnaire (PCSAQ), the Suicidal Ideation Scale (SIS), and the Revised Adult Dispositional Hope Scale (RADHS). The results showed that perceived chronic social adversity was positively associated with suicidal ideation, and hope was negatively associated with suicidal ideation. The results also confirmed that hope negatively moderated the relationship between perceived chronic social adversity and suicidal ideation. Further study showed that there was a significant positive relation between perceived chronic social adversity and suicidal ideation under the low hope level, however, there was a non-significant relation between perceived chronic social adversity and suicidal ideation under the high hope level.

Disconnected Out of Passion: Relationship Between Social Alienation and Obsessive Passion.

Violent radicalization continues to be a global problem. One of the main proposals for understanding radicalization and support for political violence is based on social alienation as a trigger. That is, individuals who feel alienated from society try to get out of this situation by using violence, if necessary. However, social alienation alone is not enough to explain radicalization. Therefore, we propose that social alienation interacts with other factors to foster radicalization. Particularly, we propose that obsessive passion, an internal compulsion that leads a person to engage in an activity even when they should not, is one of the interacting factors. Following previous literature, we hypothesized that higher social alienation predicts support for political violence to a greater extent the higher the obsessive passion. To test this hypothesis, we performed two studies in which the cause of passion varied (religion: N = 652 and family: N = 873). Both studies assessed social alienation, harmonious and obsessive passion, and support for political violence. The results showed a significant increase in the effect of social alienation on support for political violence when obsessive passion was higher, even controlling by harmonious passion. These results highlight the importance of considering other variables related to social alienation that could facilitate radicalization processes, particularly maintaining an obsessive passion for a cause when one feels a social disconnection. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed given their contributions to prevention based on work on feelings of social disconnection and harmonization of causes.

Percepções de familiares sobre uma rede de cuidados de saúde mental infantojuvenil / Family perceptions about a children's mental health network / Percepciones familiares sobre una red de atención de salud mental infantojuvenil

Este artigo pretende conhecer como a rede de cuidados em saúde tem se operacionalizado a partir da percepção de familiares de crianças com demanda de cuidado em saúde mental (SM). Foram realizados dois grupos focais, um com familiares da Atenção Básica (AB) e outro com familiares do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil (CAPSij), totalizando 15 participantes. Seguiu-se com a análise lexical do tipo classificação hierárquica descendente, com o auxílio do software R Interface, a fim de análises multidimensionais de textos e questionários (IRaMuTeQ), resultando em cinco classes: A Pílula Mágica; Forças e Fraquezas dos serviços; Procurando por ajuda; Aceitando o diagnóstico da criança e Onde procurei ajuda. Os resultados apontam para dificuldades presentes na AB em identificar e manejar situações de Saúde Mental Infantojuvenil (SMIJ), por meio de uma lógica ainda medicalizante. Ressalta-se que a escola é apresentada como lugar de destaque na produção da demanda por cuidado e a família ainda é pouco convocada à construção das ações. Conclui-se, então, que avanços ainda são necessários para operacionalização de um cuidado pautado nas diretrizes da política de SMIJ.(AU)

This article aims to know how the healthcare network has been operationalized from the perception of family members of children with demand for mental health care (MH). Two focus groups were held, one with family members from Primary Care (PC) and the other with family members from the Child Psychosocial Care Center (CAPSij), totaling 15 participants. A lexical analysis of the descending hierarchical classification type was performed with the help of the software R Interface for multidimensional analyzes of texts and questionnaires (IRAMUTEQ), resulting in five classes: The Magic Pill; Strengths and Weaknesses of services; Looking for help; Accepting the child's diagnosis; and Where did I look for help. The results point to difficulties present in PC in identifying and managing situations of mental health in children and adolescents (MHCA), with a medicalization logic. Note that the school is presented as a prominent place in producing the demand for care, and the family is still not very much involved in the actions. It is, thus, concluded that advances are still needed for operationalization of care guided by MHCA policy guidelines.(AU)

Este artículo tuvo por objetivo conocer cómo opera una red asistencial a partir de la percepción de familiares de niños con demanda de atención en salud mental (SM). Se realizaron dos grupos focales, uno con familiares de Atención Primaria (AP) y otro con familiares del Centro de Atención Psicosocial Infantojuvenil (CAPSij), totalizando 15 participantes. Se realizó análisis léxico del tipo clasificación jerárquica descendente con la ayuda del software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires (IRAMUTEQ), lo que resultó en cinco clases: "La píldora mágica"; "Fortalezas y debilidades de los servicios"; "En busca de ayuda"; "Aceptar el diagnóstico del niño" y "¿Dónde busqué ayuda?". Los resultados apuntan las dificultades presentes en AP para identificar y manejar situaciones de salud mental infantojuvenil (SMIJ) mediante una lógica aún medicalizante. La escuela tiene un lugar destacado en la producción de la demanda de cuidados y la familia aún no está muy involucrada en la construcción de acciones. Se concluye que se necesitan avances para ofertar una atención guiada por lineamientos de la política del SMIJ.(AU)

Reflexo e sombra: o duplo e o narcisismo em hoffmann e chamisso / Reflection and shadow: the double and the narcissism in hoffmann and chamisso / Reflejo y penumbra: el doble y el narcisismo en hoffman y chamisso

Esta é uma pesquisa qualitativa, em formato de ensaio, que realiza o estudo comparado de duas obras literárias, de A. Von Chamisso e E. T. A. Hoffmann, e de uma anotação do diário deste último para problematizar a repercussão de algumas formas de desestabilizações do Eu na dinâmica psíquica da neurose. O foco dos textos referidos está no fenômeno do duplo na sua forma negativizada, isto é, como o desaparecimento da imagem exterior que dá suporte ao Eu. As ausências da sombra e do reflexo são entendidas como representações metafóricas de uma alteração do Eu que engendra repercussões importantes na homeostase psíquica, sobretudo nas relações sociais de troca. Explora-se daí a menção no diário de Hoffmann de instrumentos ópticos para interrogar o uso desses aparelhos como modelos metapsicológicos na psicanálise. Salienta-se, ainda, a participação de processos de natureza estética na dinâmica psíquica do infamiliar, tomando como referência a ligação entre o conto de Hoffmann e o relato de Stendhal sobre a sua estadia em Florença.(AU)

This is a qualitative research, in essay format, which performs the comparative study of two literary works, by A. Von Chamisso and E. T. A. Hoffmann, and an annotation in the latter's diary to problematize the repercussion of some forms of destabilization of the Ego's in the psychic dynamics of neurosis. The focus of the referred texts is on the phenomenon of the double in its negative form, that is, as the disappearance of the outer image that supports the Ego. The absences of the shadow and the reflection are understood as metaphorical representations of an alteration of the Ego that generates important repercussions on psychic homeostasis, above all in social relationships of exchange. Thus, we analyze the mention of optical instruments in Hoffmann's diary to question the use of these devices as metapsychological models in psychoanalysis. Note, also, the participation of processes of aesthetic nature in the psychic dynamics of the uncanny, taking as reference the connection between Hoffmann's short story and Stendhal's account of his stay in Florence.(AU)

Este ensayo cualitativo realiza un estudio comparativo de dos obras literarias de A. Von Chamisso y de E. T. A. Hoffmann, junto con una anotación en el diario de este último para problematizar la repercusión de algunas formas de desestabilizaciones de la función del Yo en la dinámica psíquica de la neurosis. Los textos se centran en el fenómeno del doble en su forma negativa, como la desaparición de la imagen exterior que sostiene el Yo. Se entienden las ausencias de la penumbra y el reflejo como una representación metafórica de una alteración de la función del Yo que genera importantes repercusiones en la regulación psíquica, sobre todo en las relaciones de intercambio social. Se analiza la presencia en el diario de Hoffmann de instrumentos ópticos para discutir el uso de estos dispositivos como modelos metapsicológicos en psicoanálisis. Se destaca la reverberación de procesos de naturaleza estética en la dinámica psíquica de lo ominoso, tomando como referencia la conexión entre el cuento de Hoffmann y el relato de Stendhal sobre su estancia en Florencia.(AU)

COVID-19 e isolamento social: as implicações na saúde mental de estudantes de enfermagem / COVID-19 and social isolation: implications for undergraduate nursing students' mental health / COVID-19 y aislamiento social: implicaciones para la salud mental de estudiantes de enfermería

Objetivo: avaliar as repercussões da COVID-19 e do isolamento social durante a pandemia na saúde mental de estudantes de graduação em enfermagem. Métodos:estudo descritivo transversal, realizado no Ceará, Brasil, com 347 estudantes. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário para obtenção de dados sociodemográficas e informações sobre aspectos relacionados à pandemia, além do Inventário de Saúde Mental-38 (MHI-38). Resultados: percentual de 51,9% dos estudantes continuaram a graduação por meio de atividades de ensino remoto e avaliações on-line e 62,3% acessavam a internet essencialmente pelo celular. Para 76,9% dos estudantes, a maior preocupação era com a morte de um membro da família/amigo. Quanto à saúde mental dos estudantes, os escores na dimensão de Bem-estar Psicológico do MHI-38 foram em média 47,9 (± 16,8) e na dimensão de Sofrimento Psicológico a média foi 52,8 (± 18,5). A média de pontuação global no MHI-38 foi 51,0 (± 16,9), com diferenças entre os sexos (p = 0,039). Conclusão: os estudantes tiveram a saúde mental afetada pela pandemia de COVID-19 e o isolamento social, com maior impacto para as mulheres. Assim, instituições de ensino precisam desenvolver estratégias para monitorar e promover a saúde mental desta população no retorno às aulas no período pós-pandemia.

Objective:to assess the repercussions of COVID-19 and social isolation during the pandemic on undergraduate nursing students' mental health. Methods:a descriptive cross-sectional study, carried out in Ceará, Brazil, with 347 students. Data were collected through a questionnaire to obtain sociodemographic data and information on aspects related to the pandemic, in addition to the Mental Health Inventory-38 (MHI-38). Results:the amount of 51.9% of students continued studying through remote learning activities and online assessments, and 62.3% accessed the internet essentially via cell phones. For 76.9% of students, the greatest concern was the death of a family member/friend. As for students' mental health, the MHI-38 scores in the Psychological Well-Being dimension were on average 47.9 (± 16.8), and in the Psychological Distress dimension, 52.8 (± 18.5). The mean MHI-38's overall score was 51.0 (± 16.9), with differences between sexes (p = 0.039). Conclusion: students had their mental health affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and social isolation, with a greater impact on women. Thus, educational institutions need to develop strategies to monitor and promote this population's mental health when returning to school in the post-pandemic period.

Objetivo: evaluar las repercusiones del COVID-19 y el aislamiento social durante la pandemia en la salud mental de estudiantes de pregrado en enfermería. Métodos: estudio transversal descriptivo, realizado en Ceará, Brasil, con 347 estudiantes. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de un cuestionario para obtener datos sociodemográficos e información sobre aspectos relacionados con la pandemia, además del Inventario de Salud Mental-38 (MHI-38). Resultados: el 51,9% de los estudiantes continuó su graduación a través de actividades de aprendizaje a distancia y evaluaciones en línea y el 62,3% accedió a internet esencialmente a través de sus teléfonos celulares. Para el 76,9% de los estudiantes, la mayor preocupación fue la muerte de un familiar/amigo. En cuanto a la salud mental de los estudiantes, los puntajes en la dimensión del Bienestar Psicológico del MHI-38 fueron en promedio 47,9 (± 16,8) y en la dimensión del Sufrimiento Psicológico el promedio fue 52,8 (± 18,5). La puntuación global media en el MHI 38 fue de 51,0 (± 16,9), con diferencias entre sexos (p = 0,039). Conclusión: los estudiantes tuvieron su salud mental afectada por la pandemia de COVID-19 y el aislamiento social, con mayor impacto en las mujeres. Por lo tanto, las instituciones educativas necesitan desarrollar estrategias para monitorear y promover la salud mental de esta población al regresar a la escuela en el período posterior a la pandemia.

Falsa acusação de abuso sexual na alienação parental: luto ou melancolia? / False accusation of sexual abuse in parental alienation: mourning or melancholia? / Falsa acusación de abuso sexual en la alienación parental: ¿luto o melancolía?

Este artigo apresenta como principal objeto de estudo a falsa acusação de abuso sexual no contexto da alienação parental para, diante dela, estabelecer a seguinte problemática: será possível propor uma eventual correlação entre si e os processos psíquicos do luto e da melancolia? Neste sentido, a partir do recurso teórico ao referencial psicanalítico de Freud e de Laplanche, debate as circunstâncias que norteiam o discurso levado ao Judiciário pelo genitor alienante valorizando em tal movimento não apenas a realidade material da prova, tão importante no campo jurídico, mas também a realidade psíquica ditada pelo inconsciente, a qual se pauta em uma noção de verdade que, na sua vinculação direta com a particularidade de cada sujeito e com o dinamismo das relações específicas que ele estabelece consigo mesmo e com os outros, coloca em xeque as certezas positivistas da norma. Em termos conclusivos, destaca o quanto, a despeito da atual literatura existente sobre alienação parental no Brasil a correlacionar, em regra, a um luto mal elaborado por parte do alienante, é possível e mesmo desejável cogitar também a presença da melancolia - ou, mais especificamente, de traços melancólicos intermediários - na formação e desenvolvimento desse fenômeno.(AU)

This article presents as the main object of study the false accusation of sexual abuse in the context of parental alienation, to establish the following problem: would it be possible to propose a probable correlation between parental alienation and the psychic processes of mourning and melancholia? In this sense, based on the psychoanalytic theoretical framework of Freud and Laplanche, the article discusses the circumstances that guide the discourse taken to the judiciary branch by the alienating parent, valuing in such action not only the material reality of the evidence, which is very important in the legal field, but also the psychic reality dictated by the unconscious, which is guided by a notion of truth that, in its direct connection with the particularity of each subject and with the dynamism of the specific relations that they establish with themselves and others, threatens the positivist certainties of the norm. In conclusive terms, it highlights how, despite the current existing literature on parental alienation in Brazil generally correlates it to a poorly elaborated mourning by the alienating person, it is possible and even desirable to also consider the presence of melancholia-or, more specifically, of intermediate melancholic traits-in the formation and development of this phenomenon.(AU)

Este artículo presenta como principal objeto de estudio la falsa acusación de abuso sexual en el contexto de alienación parental, con el fin de responder al siguiente planteamiento: ¿Es posible proponer una posible correlación entre la alienación parental y los procesos psíquicos de duelo y melancolía? Para ello, desde el marco psicoanalítico de Freud y de Laplanche, se discuten las circunstancias del discurso llevado al Poder Judicial por el padre alienante, que valora en tal movimiento no solo la realidad material de la prueba, tan importante en el campo jurídico, sino también la realidad psíquica dictada por el inconsciente, el cual se guía por una noción de verdad que, en su conexión directa con la particularidad de cada sujeto y con el dinamismo de las relaciones específicas que establece consigo mismo y con otros, pone en jaque las certezas positivistas de la norma. En la conclusión, destaca cómo, a pesar de la literatura actual existente sobre la alienación parental en Brasil, en general, la correlaciona con un duelo mal diseñado por parte de la persona alienante, es posible e incluso deseable considerar la presencia de la melancolía -más específicamente, de rasgos melancólicos intermediarios- en la formación y desarrollo de este fenómeno.(AU)

Paradigma manicomial e proibicionismo como operadores da guerra de raças no Brasil / Asylum paradigm and prohibitionism operating the racial war in Brazil / Paradigma asilar y prohibicionismo como operadores de la guerra racial en Brasil

Este artigo relaciona o paradigma manicomial, relativo à assistência psiquiátrica, à compreensão e ao manejo do campo da saúde mental, ao paradigma proibicionista, referente ao porte, uso e à circulação de drogas, como duas séries de políticas e práticas sociais que operam a guerra de raças que está na base do Estado brasileiro. Com isso, propomos uma investigação arqueogenealógica acerca do emaranhado de condições de emergência das práticas e objetos de saber-poder mobilizados por esses dois paradigmas, atentando ao caráter político das verdades que as sustentam. Dedicamo-nos especialmente ao período entre o final do século XIX e o começo do XX ao interrogar as dinâmicas de forças que constituem as práticas sociais e seus efeitos de subjetivação, produzidos pela sujeição de corpos por meio de uma diversidade de mecanismos morais, disciplinares, eugênicos, higienistas e biopolíticos que articulam os anseios de modernização e produtividade do Estado brasileiro à gestão dos problemas de saúde e segurança do país, colocando a pobreza, o vício e a doença como desdobramento da sua constituição racial. Concluímos, por fim, que o conflito de raças aparece como fundo intrínseco que se atualiza no cerne e a partir dos campos problemáticos da saúde mental e das drogas, colocando como saída dos impasses sociais e políticos eliminar ou pelo menos diluir, via miscigenação ou submissão para integração, o elemento físico e cultural do negro do Brasil.(AU)

This article puts in relation the asylum paradigm, associated to psychiatric care, to the understanding and management of the mental health field, to the prohibitionist paradigm, that refers to the possession, use and circulation of drugs, as two series of social policies and practices that operate racial war that is in the base of the Brazilian State. So on, we propose an archeogenealogical investigation about the emergency conditions of the practices and objects of knowledge-power organized by these two paradigms, paying attention to the political character of the truths that support them. Looking especially at the period between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th, we questioned the dynamics of forces that constitute social practices and their effects of subjectivation, produced by the subjection of bodies through moral, disciplinary, eugenic, hygienist and biopolitics mechanisms that articulate the modernization and productivity aspirations of the Brazilian State to the management of the country's health and safety problems, understanding poverty, addiction and disease as consequences of its racial constitution. We conclude that the conflict of races is an intrinsic background that is updated at the heart of the problematic fields of mental health and drugs. Considering this, the solution for social and political impasses is the elimination or at least dilution, through miscegenation or submission for integration, of the physical and cultural element of black people in Brazil.(AU)

Este artículo relaciona el paradigma asilar de atención psiquiátrica, comprensión y manejo del campo de la salud mental, con el paradigma prohibicionista, referente a al uso y circulación de drogas, como dos series de políticas y prácticas sociales que operan la guerra racial que está en el fundamento del Estado brasileño. Así, proponemos una investigación arqueogenealógica sobre las condiciones de emergencia de prácticas y objetos de saber-poder movilizados por estos dos paradigmas, prestando atención al carácter político de las verdades que los sustentan. Nos dedicamos especialmente al período entre finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX buscando la dinámica de fuerzas que constituyen a las prácticas sociales y sus efectos de subjetivación, producidos por la sujeción de los cuerpos a través de una diversidad de mecanismos morales, disciplinarios, eugenésicos, higienistas y biopolíticos que articulan las aspiraciones de modernización y productividad del Estado brasileño a la gestión de los problemas de salud y seguridad del país, comprendiendo la pobreza, la adicción y la enfermedad como resultado de su constitución racial. Finalmente, concluimos que el conflicto racial aparece como un trasfondo intrínseco que se actualiza en el cerne y desde los campos problemáticos de la salud mental y de las drogas, tomando como soluciones a los impasses sociales y políticos nacionales, la eliminación o al menos la dilución, a través del mestizaje o de la sumisión para fines de integración, del elemento físico y cultural del negro en Brasil.(AU)

The effect of work area on work alienation among China's grassroots judicial administrators.

Work alienation refers to mental self-separation from work, and it is an integral reflection of workers and their work. Few studies have explored the association between work area and work alienation among grassroots judicial administrators. A stratified sampling method was used to collect data from 288 grassroots judicial administrators in Guangzhou to measure the overall status quo and work alienation in this group. This study found that the current grassroots judicial administrative team has a reasonable structure, high professional quality, and rich grassroots work experience, but a high level of work intensity (Mean = .667) and a lack of autonomy (Mean = .757) are prominent. Work area (unstandardized regression coefficient, B = .917) is significantly related to work alienation when controlling for sociodemographic and work characteristic variables: the closer the work area is to the city centre areas, the higher the level of work alienation. In addition, education level also has a significant effect on work alienation: the lower the individual education level is, the stronger the work alienation. The discussion focuses on the knowledge needs in grassroots judicial administrative work and the importance of the external working environment, and further research implications are proposed.

Phubbing, alienation, digital game addiction, independent self-construal, and interdependent self- construal among high school students: a path analysis / Ningufoneo, alienación, adicción a los juegos digitales, autoconstrucción independiente y autoconstrucción interdependiente entre estudiantes de secundaria: un análisis de trayectoria

In this study, the aim is to analyze the relationships between phubbing, alienation, digital game addiction, independent self-construal, and interdependent self-construal among high school students. The sample of the study consists of 1,932 students studying in different high schools in Turkey who were selected by the stratified random sampling method, considering the grade levels and gender variables. The students completed surveys regarding self-construal, digital game addiction, alienation, and phubbing. The data obtained were analyzed by path analysis, one of the structural equation modeling methods. In the research, nine hypotheses were developed for the proposed model based on theoretical knowledge. As a result of the analysis, eight hypotheses were supported, and one was unsupported. According to the findings, digital game addiction had a significant impact on alienation and phubbing; also, alienation had a considerable impact on phubbing. The model explained 16% of the variance (R2= .16) of phubbing, directly and indirectly. This means that the exogenous variables have a moderate level of influence on the endogenous variable. Moreover, alienation had a maximum degree of effect on phubbing.

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las relaciones entre ningufoneo, alienación, adicción a los juegos digitales, autoconstrucción independiente y autoconstrucción interdependiente entre estudiantes de secundaria. La muestra consta de 1.932 estudiantes de diferentes escuelas secundarias de Turquía, que fueron seleccionados por el método de muestreo aleatorio estratificado considerando los niveles de grado y el sexo. Los estudiantes completaron encuestas sobre autoconstrucción, adicción a los juegos digitales, alienación y ningufoneo. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron mediante análisis de trayectoria, uno de los métodos de modelado de ecuaciones estructurales. En la investigación se desarrollaron nueve hipótesis para el modelo propuesto a partir de conocimientos teóricos. Como resultado del análisis se confirmaron ocho hipótesis y una no se confirmó. Según los hallazgos, la adicción a los juegos digitales tuvo un impacto significativo en la alienación y el ningufoneo; además, la alienación tuvo un impacto considerable en el ningufoneo. El modelo explicó el 16% de la varianza (R2= 0,16) de ningufoneo, directa e indirectamente. Esto significa que las variables exógenas tienen un nivel moderado de influencia sobre la variable endógena. Además, la alienación tuvo un grado máximo de efecto sobre el ningufoneo.

Social alienation of adolescents with obesity in classrooms: A multilevel approach.

INTRODUCTION: Adolescents with obesity are more likely to be isolated by peers, but whether they also choose to disengage from their peers remains unclear. METHODS: This study examined a sample of 646 adolescents between the age of 13 and 16 across 34 classrooms in 3 junior high schools in Taiwan, with data collected from May to June 2019. The sociometric network nomination method assessed peer relationships, such as unpopularity, unsociability, and alienation. Multilevel models were applied to explore the extent to which the class-level prevalence of overweight and obesity and peer support moderate the relationship between student-level obesity and peer relationships. RESULTS: Overall, students with obesity were more likely to experience unpopularity, unsociability, and alienation from their peers in classroom settings (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.904, 2.208, 2.777, p < .05). Regardless of their obesity status, students in high classroom peer support were less likely to report unsociability (AOR = 0.124, p < .05). No cross-level interactions were observed, indicating that students with obesity did not experience a reduction of peer rejection in high peer support classrooms. Neither did obese students in classrooms with higher rates of overweight and obesity. CONCLUSIONS: Students with obesity were more likely to experience interpersonal problems. Classroom peer support can increase peer acceptance for typical students but has no beneficial influence on adolescents with weight problems. Classroom peer support needs to be directed to become adequate support for students with obesity.

A psicanálise como possibilidade de escuta do mal-estar na contemporaneidade / El psicoanálisis como posibilidad de escuchar el malestar en la actualidad / Psychoanalysis as a possibility of listening to malaise in contemporary times / La psychanalyse comme possibilité d'écouter le malaise à l'époque contemporaine

Este artigo realiza uma investigação acerca das manifestações de mal-estar e das facetas do adoecimento psíquico dos sujeitos no cenário atual. Na contemporaneidade, o processo cultural evidencia o desafio em abordar as formas de subjetivação diante da relação inescapável entre sujeito e discurso civilizatório. Assim, este estudo pretende, primeiramente, localizar possíveis diretrizes psicanalíticas para suspender os impasses clínicos que surgem diante do sujeito, uma vez que este está à mercê e atravessado pela linguagem. Por fim, com alicerce dos fundamentos psicanalíticos, constata-se que as ideias de Freud e Lacan ainda permitem importantes articulações entre a teoria do inconsciente e o fazer clínico

Este artículo investiga las manifestaciones del malestar y las facetas de la enfermedad psicológica de los sujetos en el escenario actual. En el mundo contemporáneo, el proceso cultural ressalta el desafío de abordar formas de subjetivación ante la ineludible relación entre sujeto y discurso civilizador. Así, este estudio tiene como objetivo, en primer lugar, ubicar posibles pautas psicoanalíticas para suspender los impasses clínicos que se presentan ante el sujeto, ya que está a merced y atravesado por el lenguaje. Finalmente, partiendo de los fundamentos psicoanalíticos, parece que las ideas de Freud y Lacan aún permiten importantes articulaciones entre la teoría del inconsciente y la práctica clínica

This article investigates the manifestations of malaise and the facets of the subjects' psychological illness in the current scenario. In the contemporary world, the cultural process highlights the challenge of addressing forms of subjectivation in view of the inescapable relationship between subject and civilizing discourse. Thus, this study aims, first, to locate possible psychoanalytic guidelines to suspend the clinical impasses that arise before the subject, since he is at the mercy and crossed by language. Finally, based on the psychoanalytical foundations, it appears that the ideas of Freud and Lacan still allow important articulations between the theory of the unconscious and the clinical practice

Cet article explore les manifestations du malaise et les facettes de la maladie psychologique des sujets dans le scénario actuel. Dans le monde contemporain, le processus culturel met en évidence le défi de traiter les formes de subjectivation au regard de la relation incontournable entre sujet et discours civilisateur. Ainsi, cette étude vise, dans un premier temps, à repérer d'éventuelles lignes directrices psychanalytiques pour suspendre les impasses cliniques qui surgissent devant le sujet, puisqu'il est à la merci et traversé par le langage. Enfin, à partir des fondements psychanalytiques, il apparaît que les idées de Freud et de Lacan permettent encoredes articulations importantes entre la théorie de l'inconscient et la pratique clinique

Instrumentos de identificação da alienação parental no contexto jurídico: uma revisão sistemática da literatura / Instruments of identification of parental alienation in the legal context: a systematic literature review

Neste artigo, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura para levantamento de estudos sobre instrumentos que auxiliam na identificação da Alienação Parental e na prática de profissionais que atuam em perícias psicológicas no sistema jurídico brasileiro. Portanto, foi feita uma busca, sem delimitação por ano, em sete bases de dados eletrônicas, na qual, após as etapas de exclusão, 14 artigos compuseram esta revisão. Os dados foram agrupados a partir da indexação nas seguintes categorias: ano de publicação, publicação por países, por autores e por periódicos, metodologia dos artigos, nome dos instrumentos, público-alvo e objetivos. Ademais, analisou-se a possibilidade de utilização dos instrumentos no contexto legal e o emprego de ferramentas adicionais em cada pesquisa. Dentre alguns resultados, foi constatado que ainda há poucos estudos a respeito da temática, a qual ainda é recente, e que mais pesquisas necessitam ser desenvolvidas, especialmente as de validação desses instrumentos para o contexto brasileiro.

In this article a systematic literature review was conducted to find studies that assist in the identification of Parental Alienation and in the practice of professionals who act in expertise psychological evaluation in the Brazilian legal system. A search was performed without delimitation per year in seven electronic databases, where, after the exclusion stages, 14 articles composed this review. Data were grouped from indexing in the following categories: year of publication, publication by countries, by authors and by periodicals, articles methodology, name of the instruments, target audience and goals. We analyzed the possibility of using the instruments in the legal context and the use of additional tools in each research. Studies about the subject are recent, and more research must be developed, especially those of validation of these instruments for the Brazilian context.